Monday, May 25, 2015

Scroll it

On May 17th the Home Minister, Rajnath Singh, created sort of a mini hysteria among the established historians. In three tweets he forced many journalists and publications to come up with counter arguments. What the Home Ministers had said in his three tweets was –
 
“Maharana Pratap became an icon for freedom fighters because his name evoked a strong feeling of love and sacrifice for motherland”.
“Our text books have not been able to fully recognise Maharana Pratap's contribution and significance in India's history”.
“If Akbar can be called 'Akbar the Great' for his contribution then why can't Maharana Pratap be recognised as 'Maharana Pratap the Great”.
He tweeted after he inaugurated a statue of Maharana Pratap in Pratapgarh Rajasthan.
What happened in the days following the tweets can be read here, here and here   
Yes, it was here, there and everywhere. Most articles suggested that the tweets were an attempted “saffronization/communalization of history”. Lot of ink was poured to justify why Akbar was indeed great and why Maharana Pratap was just heroic at best. But the funniest pieces were written by Scroll (a left leaning online publisher). They can be read here and here and here

The first piece tells us that the textbooks we read are withholding information, which can technically mean they are lying. The article informs us that all the stories we hear or read about the Rajput valour and might is a lie. On the contrary the Rajputs failed miserably in battles for centuries. The Rajputs were in fact inept at discipline, technical & technological prowess and tactical acumen.

This reasoning is stupid at best. The rules of war in India were different from that of the nomads who had none. In India wars were fought in open spaces and civilian causalities were rare. The only large scale loss of life documented is that during the war of Kalinga. The impact of the widespread destruction was so profound on Ashok that he devoted rest of his life spreading Buddhism and drafting laws to protect environment and people.

The logic given by Girish shahane would in fact justify the swift advance of the Islamic State (IS) in Syria and Iraq and blame the loss of territory, life and history on the missing skills of Iraqi and Syrian forces. The tactical acumen Girish talks about was horrendous and in today’s time and age would qualify the Ghaznis, Ghouris, Khiljis and Baburs to be tried at the international Court of Justice for crimes against humanity. The acts that followed the wars, by the “eminent” personalities mentioned by Girish, were mass killings of civilians, destruction of places of worship, rape of women, taking slaves and sending tribute to the Ottoman Caliph. These are exactly the acts that followed the fall of Mosul, Palmyra, Anbar, etc. at the hands of the IS.

What the Home Minister said and what the likes of Scroll made it into is bizarre. The three tweets had nothing, which in any way would qualify as an attack on Akbar or the larger set of Muslim rulers. But the Left leaning and some self-proclaimed centrist journalists concocted stories. Played it out to imply the statement was an attack on “secularism” and an attempt to “rewrite history”.

But interesting thing is that publications like Scroll often carry biased and under researched articles that can be termed misleading. Take this for example Shoaib Daniyal concocts another conspiracy on how the Bengali calendar is a fusion of Hijri and Hindu calendar. Only he forgets that there is no such thing as a Hindu calendar. The Bengali calendar or Bangabda as it is called is a solar calendar unlike Hijri, which is lunar. The Hijri has no mechanism to adjust for the loss of eleven days every year or to ensure the link between months and seasons, making it useless for a community dependent on agriculture. The article ends with a note relishing how the calendar has become an integral part of agriculture and Hindu religion.  Another lie. None of the Bengali festivals are celebrated (apart from the New Year) according to Bangabda. They are all celebrated according to Vikram era.

The likes of Scroll who often blame the others for rewriting history are in fact experts in the trade. Be it the half-truths of the “eminent” rulers or outright lies like the story of Bangabda, Scroll has perfected the art of misleading.

Friday, May 1, 2015

The Silk Road and the slow moving elephant

During his visit to Pakistan, Chinese President, Xi Jinping agreed to invest USD 46 billion in the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), part of an ambitious surface connectivity project named Silk Road. Named after the ancient caravan route, the larger project envisages connecting Beijing with Rotterdam in the Netherlands. China also aims to complement the land route with a maritime route connecting Venice to Quanzhou, in Fujian province of China, on the shores of South China Sea. The link extending into Pakistan seems to be an afterthought and an interesting one at that.
 
China has a vision of its “peaceful rise” while laying its hands on resources and markets around the world. This is nothing surprising, it is the second largest economy and the most populous country in the world. It needs resources and market access to sustain the pace of development it has pulled off in the last couple of decades. With the economy showing signs of cooling down, China has to spur consumption and shift its focus from being an export driven economy. Moreover it has to find a useful way to deal with the pile of foreign exchange it is sitting on (USD 4 trillion at the end of 2014). Investing in infrastructure projects abroad is one such use. Japan has done it the past and in the process helped Japanese companies to enter new markets.

The proposed investment in Pakistan should be seen in light of diminishing American presence in Asia, warming of India – America relations and an ambitious China eager to make its mark in international arena. The CPEC is a mix of transport and energy projects stretching from Kashgar in Xingjian, China to Gwadar in Baluchistan, Pakistan. The projects will help energy starved Pakistan and create jobs over the period of implementation. More importantly the CPEC will provide China the access to Straits of Hormuz, mitigating its dependence on the Straits of Malacca. Any blockade in an event of war will have serious impact on its trade.

Meanwhile the Indian High Commissioner to Pakistan, T.C.A. Raghavan has said, India is not worried by the Chinese investment in CPEC. It would be interesting to know what the inner circle at Ministry of External Affairs has to say. But the question one should ask India is, “will the elephant move faster”? It moves but at a woefully slow pace. While China has been extending its foot print in Africa, Europe and ASEAN, India has done precious little to enhance its own presence.

Progress and prosperity. May be, may be not.
Indian Affair has written on theIndia-ASEAN relationship and need to improve surface connectivity, in 2012, while the commemorative India-ASEAN Summit was underway. The post from December 2012 can be re-read to the policy makers today without having change much. Prime Minister Modi attended the 12th India-ASEAN Summit in Nay Pyi Taw last November. He stressed a lot on the shared culture and heritage and the urgency to implement the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in services and a relook at the FTA for goods. Same things that were discussed in 2012. He hardly had anything to say on surface connectivity.

The India – Myanmar – Thailand trilateral highway still exists only in files and the proposed rail link connecting India’s north eastern states to Myanmar and Thailand have been almost forgotten (despite many of the rail projects being termed “national projects”).

The 2010-11 annual report of Indian Railways lists a total of twelve projects (seven of them “national projects”) being undertaken to enhance connectivity in the region. The aim is then to connect the Indian Railways network to that of Myanmar, Thailand and eventually to Vietnam. Sadly the recent report for the year 2014-15 lists all but one (Harmuti – Naharlagun, a 20 km section in Arunachal Pradesh) project as incomplete. What is worse is that the 2010-11 report anticipated all twelve projects to be completed by the year 2015-16, the latest report has not given any fixed date for most of the projects. The total cost estimate for the twelve projects is INR 33,016 crore (USD 5.1 billion). The amount spent so far is a meagre INR 7,308 crore (USD 1.1 billion) or 22% of the total budget. So much for the status of “national project”.

The newly inaugurated Integrated Check Posts in Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram, will not be of much use as long as the surface connectivity remains poor. The road connectivity in the region is poor and takes a long time to undulate around the Chicken’s Neck. The time for India to act on its ASEAN trade and foreign relations policy is now. China is already connecting its cities to ASEAN and is building artificial islands to expand its territory. The choice with India is simple, let the elephant move at its own pace or outpace the dragon.